Chromium is a common groundwater and soil contaminant, particularly in industrial areas, and is the second most abundant inorganic groundwater contaminant at hazardous waste sites. Chromium is also listed among the 25 hazardous substances thought to pose the most significant potential threat to human health at priority superfund sites. Sueker, in Environmental Forensics, 1964 Publisher SummaryĬhromium (Cr) is a hard, steel-grey metallic element that is listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as one of 129 priority pollutants. Chromium in the breast milk of mothers can be passed down to infants, and fetuses can be exposed to chromium that passes through the placenta. Studies have shown that inhalation and oral and dermal exposures can result in chromium deposits in liver, kidney, heart, and lungs.
#Chromium element skin#
Inhalation of chromium dust and skin contact during use in the workplace are the main routes of occupational exposure. Most chromium exposure in the general population is through ingestion of the chemical in food containing chromium(II), although exposure is also possible as a result of drinking contaminated well water, or living near uncontrolled hazardous waste sites containing chromium or industries that use chromium.
Fish do not accumulate much chromium in their bodies. Chromium can strongly attach to sediment and soil, and only a small amount is expected to dissolve in water and leach though the soil to groundwater.
In air, chromium compounds are present mostly as fine dust particles, which eventually settle over land and water. Gad, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Environmental Fate and BehaviorĬhromium enters the air, water, and soil mostly in the chromium(III) and chromium(VI) forms.
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